Macro photography is the art of magnifying smaller objects to make them bigger and this can be done by getting very close to the subject or by getting a super-telephoto lens. The ideology of having a great macro photo is the same mechanism in approach to every other genre of photography.
It’s the job of the photographer in order to get an amazing macro photo, to ensure that they’ve organized the frame and used all of the expressive mechanisms they have like depth of field, control of light, and shadow that the viewer immediately knows what the subject of the image is and what the image is about.
To shoot macro photography you need a macro or telephoto lens and this is because lenses shoot at a ratio of 1:2:8 and more while macro lenses shoot at a ratio of 1:1.
The YouTube video below by B & H photos, explains extensively, what macro photography is all about and what it entails.